SPM Biology 10 Transport: Circulatory System
There are 2 types of circulatory system in human and other animals:
- Closed circulatory system
- Open circulatory system
- The blood is contained in blood vessels and flows continuously in blood vessels.
- Valves can be found to maintain the flow of blood in one direction only.
- This system is found in larger animals such as vertebrates.
- The blood is not contained in blood vessels and is pumped from the heart into the cavity or space around the body cells.
- This system is only found in smaller animals such as insects and shellfish.
Differences between open and closed circulatory system
1. The circulatory system in human is called double closed and complete circulatory system.
2. This is because the blood flows in blood vessels and it passes through the heart twice in one complete circulation.
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| Human circulation system |
3. There are 2 main circulations:
- Pulmonary circulation (heart → lungs → heart)
- Systemic circulation (heart → all body tissues → heart)
- Deoxygenated blood is pumped out from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery which transports the blood to left and right lungs.
- At the lungs, gaseous exchange occurs. The deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary artery receives oxygen and becomes oxygenated blood and is transported from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart by pulmonary vein.
Pulmonary circulation - The main function of pulmonary circulation: to change deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood.
- Oxygenated blood from the lungs which enters the left atrium of the heart is pumped into the left ventricle and is then pumped out of the heart through the aorta.
- The aorta branches to form arteries which transport oxygenated blood to all the body tissues.
- Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs in the body cells of an organ.
- The blood that is transported out of the organ by the vein is deoxygenated blood.
- The blood from the veins in all body tissues is transported into the vena cava and then enters into the right atrium of the heart.
Systemic circulation - The main function of systemic circulation: to transport oxygenated blood from the heart to all the body tissues.
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
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